Perl Tutorials

Setting Up and Validating Radio Buttons

The setup and validation of radio buttons appears to be the form field that gives many webmasters the most difficulty in setting up. In actual fact the setup of these fields is the most simple of all form fields to validate as radio buttons set one value that only needs to be tested when the form is submitted. The difficulty with radio buttons is that there are at least two and usually more fields that need to be placed on the form,  related together and tested as one group. Provided that you use the correct naming conventions and layout for your buttons, you will not have any trouble. Setup the Radio Button Group The first thing that to look at when using radio buttons on our form is how the buttons need to be coded in order for them to function properly as radio buttons. The desired behavior we want is to have only one button selected at a time; when one button is selected then any previously selected button will be automatically deselected. The solution here is to give all of the radio buttons within the group the same name but different values. Here is the code used for the  radio button themselves. input typeradio namegroup1 idr1 value1 /input typeradio namegroup1 idr2 value2 /input typeradio namegroup1 idr3 value3 / The creation of multiple groups of radio buttons for the one form is also straightforward. All you need to do is to provide the second group of radio buttons with a different name to that used for the first group. The name field determines which group that a particular button belongs to. The value that will be passed for a specific group when the form is submitted will be the value of the button within the group that is selected at the time that the form is submitted. Describe Each Button In order for the person filling out the form to understand  what each radio button in our group does, we need to provide descriptions for each button. The simplest way to do this is to provide a description as text immediately following the button. There are a couple of problems  with just using plain text, however: The text may be visually associated with the radio button, but it may not be clear to some who use screen readers, for example.  In most user interfaces using radio buttons, the text associated with the button is clickable and able to select its associated radio button. In our case here, the text will not work in this way unless the text is specifically associated with the button. Associating Text with a Radio Button To associate  the text with its corresponding radio button so that clicking on the text will select that button, we need to make a further addition to the code for each button by surrounding the entire button and its associated text within a label. Here is what the complete HTML for one of the buttons would look like: input typeradio namegroup1 idr1 value1 /label forr1 button one/label As the radio button with the id name referred to in the for parameter of the label tag is actually contained within the tag itself, the for and id parameters are redundant in some browsers. Their  browsers, however, are often not smart enough to recognize the nesting, so it is worth putting them in to maximize the number of browsers in which the  code will function. That completes the coding of the radio buttons themselves. The final step is to set up the radio button validation using JavaScript. Setup Radio Button Validation Validation of groups of radio buttons may not be obvious, but it is straightforward once you know how. The following function will validate that one of the radio buttons in a group has been selected: // Radio Button Validation// copyright Stephen Chapman, 15th Nov 2004,14th Sep 2005// you may copy this function but please keep the copyright notice with itfunction valButton(btn) {    var cnt -1;    for (var ibtn.length-1; i -1; i--) {          if (btn[i].checked) {cnt i; i -1;}    }    if (cnt -1) return btn[cnt].value;    else return null;} To use the above function, call it from within your form validation routine and pass it the radio button group name.  It will return the value of the button within the group that is selected, or return a null value if no button in the group is selected. For example, here is  the code that will perform the radio button validation: var btn valButton(form.group1);if (btn null) alert(No radio button selected);else alert(Button value btn selected); This code was included into the function called by an onClick event attached to the validate (or submit) button on the form. A reference to the whole form was passed as a parameter into the function, which uses the form argument to refer to the complete form. To validate the radio button group with the name group1 we, therefore, pass form.group1 to the valButton function. All of the radio button groups that you will ever need can be handled using the steps covered above.

Religion Hinduism and Islam Essay - 1277 Words

Hinduism and Islam are two largely practiced religions, specifically in India and the subcontinents. Both Hinduism and Islam have unique practices and traditions, which can vary depending on the town, region or people. They share a common belief in a supreme god, that being either Brahma or Allah respectively. The traditions differ on the central texts used, as well as differences in the process of reaching the afterlife and basic beliefs. Although, Hinduism might be regarded by some as a polytheistic religion in its most basic form Hinduism is based around one deity. The Brahma is the god that all of the other gods are derived from and each god is a manifestation of the one being. There are four other main deities, aside from Brahma,†¦show more content†¦Allah is the creator of everything and is held in the highest regard for Islamic people. Although there is one god, there are a multitude of prophets who bring the word of God to the Muslim people much like the multiple de ities who come from Brahma. It is believed that God sent multiple prophets to tell of the last and most significant prophet, Muhammad. These prophets also preached the Oneness of God and would tell followers to avoid sin. Muhammad, who is believed to be a prophet of God, is considered the last prophet sent by god to the Muslim people. Muhammad is believed to have brought the word of God through the Qur’an. The Prophets’ life started in Mecca where he grew up orphaned. During his life, specifically in the month of Ramadan, he would spend time in a cave outside Mecca where he originally received revelations about the sacred text. Originally Muhammad found little success preaching God’s word but eventually gained a following of Muslim people, which would turn into the tradition it is today. Although their belief in a supreme god aligns in both Islam and Hinduism, the traditions differ on the texts used centrally in each practice. The Veda, written between 1750 B CE and 600 BCE are ancient scriptures, which are the sacred texts of Hinduism. One of the forms the Veda is the Shruti, which is â€Å"that which was heard† and the other form is the Vedir seers or Rishis which means â€Å"saw†. The Veda is split into fourShow MoreRelatedThe Religions Of Islam, Hinduism, And Buddhism1241 Words   |  5 Pages Religion and politics are quite interwoven into society both in the developed world as well as in the developing world. This paper will discuss the major religions of Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, and Buddhism and how these faiths connect to politics of nations. Islam has always been a very mixed within state and society as a whole, with no true line between church and state. Islam began in the Arabia by the Prophet Muhammad in the seventh century, and is the second largest religion in the worldRead MoreReligion : Hinduism, Islam, And Christianity1079 Words   |  5 PagesReligion is known as having a deep relationship with a supreme being or thing. Also, to believe in them with the extent of worship and to follow their practices. A few of the main religions over time have been Hinduism, Islam, and Christianity. These three religions consist of ideas and practices that may be very different, but are made up of the same general idea expressed in a new form. Although their main differences, each religion seeks one thing, and that s an afterlife. Most religions areRead MoreWorld Religion : Judaism, Hinduism, And Islam Essay1391 Words   |  6 PagesWorld Religion At first glance and hearing about, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam these five religions-look and sound a lot alike. Each one was founded and developed by mankind, follow a list of religious principles and directives to live by, and they all share the same consciousness of wrong doings being reconciled. Because anyone can strike up a new religion at any time, however, religion cannot be judged on how it looks or sounds. As a comparison we will see just how differentRead MoreHinduism, Christianity, Judaism, Islam, And Religion1531 Words   |  7 PagesHinduism, Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Buddhism these are the different types of religions that exist in our society. Religion is a prominent part of most people s lives in our contemporary world. Religion is a cultural system, in this system, there are different beliefs that are normally unique to the religion. In most religions, there is a belief in spiritual beings also known as God. Many people around the world practice their religion by following what is expected of them according to historyRead MoreThe Five Major Religions : Hinduism, Christianity, And Islam868 Words   |  4 Pagesall religions are true and that they are only different routes to God or the Real to find salvation. The religions have same similarities and some areas of conflict that Hick explain with his theory of Pluralism. Pluralism is when more than one religion is true. In the last section of the essay, Hick explain the move of Christians from being exclusive to inclusive. In this period of globalization and diversity, Pluralism is the way communities with different cultures, traditions, and religions manageRead MoreSimilarities Between Hinduism And Buddhism942 Words   |  4 PagesCCOT Essay Hinduism and Buddhism were both founded and popular in northern India by 600 CE. Although Hinduism and the Hindu caste system maintained a strong influence in South Asia throughout 600-1750 CE, the Hindu majority eventually gave way as Buddhism, Islam, Christianity, and syncretic faiths gradually moved in and across the Indian Ocean basin by 1750 CE. Even then, Hinduism did spread from northern India through southern India to Southeast Asia. The caste system was maintained from 600-1750Read MoreAnalysis of Hinduism and Islam651 Words   |  3 Pages Amongst the various religions practice are Islam and Hinduism. Both of these religions are widely practiced by people who believe in the same ideals or concepts. These separate religions are similar to one another, but also contrasting. Common themes can be found between Hinduism and Islam, but the differences are predominant as well. Those who practice Islam are typically Arabic and are called Muslim’s. This practice is based off of the text called the Qur’an. The Qur’an is a bible of sorts toRead MoreDifferences Between Hinduism And Islam924 Words   |  4 PagesHinduism and Islam are two of the world’s great religions however, they differ in many regards including their beliefs in god, their ethical beliefs and the afterlife in fact, it would be quite difficult to find to two religions more different then Islam and Hinduism. One major difference is in their belief in god, Muslims are steadfastly monotheistic where Hindus are very much polytheistic. Another key difference is their views on the afterlife Hindus believe in reincarnation, whereas Muslims believeRead MoreDifferences Between Islam And Hinduism1280 Words   |  6 Pages Islam and Hinduism are both very large, popular world religions. Although the two religions have some common ground, there are many distinct differences between the two religions. Many of the differences are centered around two major beliefs. The two major beliefs are the means of salvation and the number of Gods the followers of the religions worship and believe in. Religions often answer questions about spiritual life. A question that is often asked is, â€Å"What happens after death?† Many peopleRead MoreIslam, Hinduism, Buddhism And Christianity Comparison1025 Words   |  5 PagesPractices of Hinduism, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism and Christianity Comparison Hinduism, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism and Christianity developed centuries ago and have been practiced since then to today. Groups of people who practice these religions are bound to the conventional norms, beliefs, cultures and way of life of each. Each religion has a particular faith in a supreme being (Woodhead, Partridge Kawanami, 2016). Muslims believe in Allah, Christians believe in Jesus Christ, Hindus believe in

Linking State and Private Religion to Government - 1656 Words

Ancient Egyptian Religion Topic: What are the similarities and differences between state religion and private religion? How is state religion linked the government? The Greek historian Herodotus of Halicarnassus wrote in his Histories that ancient Egyptians were â€Å"religious excessively beyond all other men†. This comment, although perhaps biased by his Greek perspective, illuminates for modern man the importance of religion in the everyday lives of ancient Egyptian peoples. Religion, in the form of devotion, prayers and offerings, was considered essential to maintaining a happy, healthy life. This devotion could take one of two distinct shapes: state-wide religious worship, or personal, popular worship. Each of these forms of worship is similar but distinctive, and both are a good example of how ancient Egyptian theology was distinct from any other theological system in the ancient world. Ancient Egyptian religion was unique: several scholars have noted that there was no other religion like it in all of history.1 The combination of deities, mythology and attached ritual activities were created and built upon over centuries, and so it is a very complex theological structure. The religion itself was polytheistic (meaning that many gods were worshipped simultaneously), although at times in Egypt’s history, and depending on the governmental ruler, we have evidence of henotheism (focus on one god, but not excluding others).2 In order to add to the mystery of theirShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Theravada Buddhism On Myanmar1288 Words   |  6 Pageshas been known as a Theravada Buddhist country. As with most religions, the hermeneutics can vary; therefore, a hermeneutical analysis of Theravada Buddhism, specific to Myanmar, is essential in discovering how violence, ethnocentrism, and xenophobia develop. By doing so ways in which to reverse this social pattern becom e apparent. The history of Buddhism in Myanmar, the interpretations of the Pali Canon, and the incorporation of religion in the daily lives all contribute to varying hermeneutics. TheseRead MoreBuddhism and Ecotourism1051 Words   |  5 Pagescampaigns that China was able to rebuild itself on a stronger foundation that it continues to build upon today. When in fact it was actually through Deng Xiaoping’s economic and openness reforms, promotion of tourism, and decrease in government control over religions that caused the massive economic growth in China. With China opening up to the rest of the world and international transportation expanding in the early 1990’s, China was seeing the beginning of their tourism boom. The amount of annualRead MoreStrange Rebels: 1979 and the Birth of the 21st Century is a monograph written by Christian Caryl, a1200 Words   |  5 Pages21st Century is a monograph written by Christian Caryl, a contributing editor at Foreign Policy ma gazine and a senior fellow of the Center for International Studies at MIT, which attempts to theorize the emergence of using revolutionary twin forces-religion and markets in 1979 and their radical alteration of the international economy in the 21st century. Caryl’s study covers five case studies from the root of 1979 and how strange rebels served as counterrevolutionary protagonist leaders by using oldRead MoreEssay on Traditions of Qin Han, China652 Words   |  3 Pageslegalistic approach to government. The Qin believed that the nature of mankind is inherently evil and only through a strict code of laws with severe punishment could the government achieve reliability and stability. Because the emperor feared the people and the inherent rights and privileges established with the teachings of Confucus, he ordered all books on Confucianism burned and beheaded everyone opposed to the government including their families. All weapons owned by private citizens were confiscat ed;Read MoreGay Marriage: Refutation Researched Argument1465 Words   |  6 Pagesin the hearts of every United States citizen however, when it comes to homosexuals, citizens of the United States wake up and the dream is demolished. Gay sex marriage is the most conflicting issue in the contemporary social world. Marriage is an association of persons through which we perceive the reflection of a particular culture. It is basically a private matter and a fundamental human right. People should have the right to decide with whom they marry, not the state. If two persons are closed toRead MoreGay Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1415 Words   |  6 Pagesin the hearts of every United States citizen however, when it comes to homosexuals, citizens of the United States wake up and the dream is demolished. Gay sex marriage is the most conflicting issue in the contemporary social world. Marriage is an association of persons through which we perceive the reflection of a particular culture. It is basically a private matter and a fundamental human right. People should have the right to decide with whom they marry, not the state. If two persons are closed toRead MoreThe Opposing Viewpoints Of The Vaccination Of Children1097 Words   |  5 Pagesdiseases become possible epidemics.Vaccines are only given to children after a long and careful review by scientists, doctors, and healthcare professionals (Vaccines). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or CDC, works alongside public and private health agencies and organizations to maintain a high standard of safety when developing and administering these vaccines. Many other influential medical organizations also stand behind vaccines, including the American Medical Association (AMA), FoodRead MoreHcs430 Employees Handbook Essay1732 Words   |  7 Pagesmost companies. The Employment Non Discrimination Act provides basic protection against workplace discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity. The ENDA applies to congress and federal government employees of state and local government positions. The ENDA prohibits public and private employers, employment agencies and labor unions from using a person’s sexual orientation or gender as a basis for employment decision for hiring, firing, promotion or compensation. In September 2009, 87%Read MoreTerrorism : An Imperative For Economic, Political And Military Solutions1321 Words   |  6 PagesTERRORISM IN AFRICA; an Imperative for Economic, Political and Military Solutions. The bombings of the United States embassies in Tanzania and Kenya were marked indicators that Africa based terrorist groups were increasing threats to the interests of democratic societies in Africa those of all freedom loving societies the world over. Our policy makers have for long treated the Middle East and Asia as the main battlegrounds in the war on terror. Those regions have been joined by Africa inRead MoreThe Origins of Greek Thought by Jean-Pierre Vernant1487 Words   |  6 Pagesconcerned with the cosmos, religious myths, and science. The first known Greek scientist believed that the architect of the world and all its inhabitants were somehow connected to science and the cosmos. Thales was supposedly the first philosopher linking scientific thought to the discovery of nature, around 585 B.C. Thales and Anaximander struggled with the puzzle of the origin of the universe, what was here at the beginning, and what things are made of. Thales suggested that in the beg inning there

Business Law Electronic Transactions Act

Question: Discuss about the Business Law for Electronic Transactions Act. Answer: Introduction: In order to know that when and where a agreement was created as that can have an effect on the privileges of the parties and in determining the jurisdiction over the agreement in the case of a argument. But it was not clear when and how the agreements were created. If the postal approval rules were applied to the email agreements by similarity with same mail, then an email agreement would be created when the receiving party sent the approval by pressing the send button on his/her computer. If the postal approval rule was not applied, under the normal rules of an agreement, then the agreement would be created when the party who was making an offer receives the approval. The Electronic Transactions Act 1999 does not specifically settle the case. It only defines the time of receipt of an electronic message at the time when it enters into the addressees information system. The place of that receipt would be the addressees principal place of trade or the place of trade which would be more closely linked with the deal regardless of where the addressees computer actually was. Despite the fact, it has not been specified clearly that whether the sending or receipt of the approval completes the formation of an agreement or not. In the United States of America, the Uniform Computer Information Transaction Act lays down that the agreement negotiated by electronic message was created when approval was received. Though, this has only been accepted by two states, it was the suitable rule. However, it was not clear that these rules would be accepted in Australia, where the time and place of creation of email remains uncertain. A contract has been regarded as an agreement entered among two individuals which was lawfully enforceable and binding upon the parties. For creating or forming a contract by other means rather than by electronic means five major components were required. The requirements were as follows: First element for forming a valid contract was an agreement, which normally comprises of a proposal and an approval and also involves a meeting of minds on the same thing in the same sense among two individuals upon an agreement. In order to be efficient an agreement must also be certain in all the material respects. Thus, an agreement which was vague, ambiguous, incomplete, or includes a mere agreement to agree would not be enforceable. Second was the price hat was asked by the person who made an offer in exchange for their promise and was an necessary requirement in Australia before an agreement would be binding. Consequently, gratuitous promises were generally not enforceable. It was a complex requirement containing many rules and qualifications. In addition, the principle of promissory estoppels now operates to allow the enforcement of agreements even if the existence of valid consideration was absent. For an agreement to exist the individuals who were the party to an agreement must intend to create lawful relations. Usually, the presence of price would offer evidence of this, but not always, so that this requirement must be proved separately in each matter. The burden of proof was on the party who was seeking to prove that the agreement demonstrated intention and the nature of the relationship between the parties, while relevant, no longer carries with it any presumption about the contractual intention of the individuals involved. There were certain people and class of people who lack the capacity to enter into an agreement with the consequence that resulting agreements would not be enforceable against them. Lack of capacity now often stems to form a fear of vulnerability to exploitation. Lastly, in most of the matters there was no requirement for an agreement to comply with any formalities. However, laws do force such a requirement in a limited range of agreements, most commonly those relating to the sale or disposition of property or assurance. The crucial moment in formation of a contract was the approval. It was at that moment an agreement was said to be formed. Because of the internal role of approval in the formation of an agreement the law generally requires that the offeree actually communicate his or her approval of the offer. In the case of Hartog v Colin Shields [1939] 3 All ER 566 it was stated that if the offer was made by mistake and has not been accepted then it can be expressed and can be withdrawal by the party at fault. But the mistake should be unintentional. E-mail in the present context refers to any form of electronic messages which were based upon texts. Commonly, the agreements which were formed by way of email exchange resemble customary agreements in so far that an individual decision maker reviews the contractual relationship at both ends of the deal in the following way: A sends an e-mail offer to B proposing an agreement and after reviewing the proposal, B indicates his or her approval by email or in the same manner. That is email communications facilitates the human-human agreements. Contracts which were formed with the aid of e-mail include those agreements which result from the posting of online messages at online sites. A legally binding contract (electronic contract) made by buying goods or services through the internet between an electronic agent and the parties who have no personal contact or pre-existing business relationship. Electronic contracts were formed when 5 requirements have been fulfilled which includes: Invitation to offer It has been held in the matter of Cottee v Franklins Self-Serve Pfy Ltd (1995) Aust Contract Reports 90-060 that a display of goods online has been treated as an invitation made by the vendor. Such a display constitutes an invitation to treat to which the buyer makes an offer to pay the advertised price, and the agreements was created on the approval given by the vendor of the consumers offer at the point of sale. An instant contact The purpose of the parties to the contract Time and Place of Receipt of Electronic Approvals Time and Place of delivery The procedure of forming an agreement has been divided into three different stages: An invitation to treat; An offer; An approval When an individual look over an item for sale in a shop window, it would be taken as an offer which has been made by the shopkeeper to sell the item. However, in legal terms the display of an object was not an offer to sell that item, rather it would be an invitation to proposal. An invitation to treat comes before the offer in the contractual process, and was an indication by the seller that they may be proposed to enter in an agreement. The second stage i.e. the offer only takes place when a person go into the shop stating that they would like to buy the item which has been displayed. It would be then on the vendor to either accepts the offer or reject it. It was likely similar that the websites would be treated as being similar to a shop window and that the advertisement of an item for sale on a site would amount to an invitation to proposal. If so, an offer would only be made when a customer gives notice of his aim ion to buy an item from the site at which the seller would either accept or reject that offer. Online traders should therefore particularly state in their terms and conditions that the display of items for sale on websites was only an invitation to treat even when a electronic agent was appointed to enable he agreement to be formed. Further complexity awaits the analysis if the online transactions involving email or contracts which were concluded totally online. For example, where a buyer, have obtained the email address of the vendor from the advertisement and emails an order to the vendor. The reply may depend on his or her purpose comprises an approval. But in the matter of Carlill v Carbolic Smokeball Company Ltd [I8931 1 QB 256 it has been clearly state that the established categories of invitation to treat, offer, approval and so on cannot be applied mechanically or ultimately. So, the lawful interpretation and effect if an online communication would be determined by a specific reason of situation. So the advertisement has indicated an intention to be bind so was constituted as an offer. It was held in another case of Reardon v Morley Ford Pty Ltd (1980) 49 FLR 401, 407 it was held that no absolute rule has been made that shop displays must be an invitation to treat. So, it can be concluded that it can be an offer in some situations but there is no absolute rule. With the online trade process being automated there may be confusion as to when an offer was accepted. The basic rule was that for approval to be effective it must be communicated. However, it was not clear when an online approval was communicated. There have been two methods by which the terms and conditions if an agreement can be accepted such as the: Clicks wrap agreement which was an electronic agreement where the terms and conditions of the agreement were located on the same page as I agree button. Consumers were usually obligatory to scroll through all the terms and conditions and then take positive action by clicking I agree before proceeding further. This form of contract was highly likely to be enforceable as a contract. A browse wrap agreement was where the terms and conditions were not on the same page as the I agree button and can be accessed by a hyperlink on the same page. This form of agreement was less likely to be enforceable as a contract. More recently, new technologies have been established to create a more ultimate agreement between the parties to an e contract. These technologies allow the person to sign on an electronic device such as a tablet or hone. A digital autograph was a term used by people to define a type of e signature. A proposal made under error could be withdrawal by the party only if approval has not been provided. Because once approval was given then the mistake cannot be rectified. The parties at dispute have the privilege to have and get legal assistance from an advocate to take up his matter. The party can also do the settlement of dispute can be done outside the court by way of arbitration, conciliation, facilitation etc. There have been special rulings that apply in relation to electronic dealings such as the Electronic Transactions Act which was almost a wholesale adoption of the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce and Electronic Transactions (Victoria) Act 2000. Both the acts are identical to each other there is no difference between them. The only disparity is that one of the statutes was applied all over Australia and other was applicable to the state of Victoria. Also since the organization of the postal rule of approval in the year 1818 in the matter of Adams v Lindsell, various substitute methods of contacting have been urbanized, including phone, telex, email, etc. The most renowned formulation of the ruling was propounded by the Judge in the case of Henthorn v Fraser. In this case it was affirmed that where the situations were such that it must have been within the inspection of the individuals that, as per the normal practices of the humans, the post might be used as a means of communicating the approval of an offer, the approval would be completed as soon as it would be posted. In the case of Bressan v Squire it was upheld that this rule can be displaced I the parties expressly or impliedly have made such terms in the agreement which necessitate that the approval be received by the offeror. It has been a well established rule that the general rule governing the approval of a proposal which has been made was that the approval would not be effectual until it was communicated to the offeror. Though, a uniformly well recognized exemption to this general regulation was deeply well-established within the lawful system, the scope of the rule and its applicability to the new forms of communication were issues which have not been overwhelmingly resolved by the courts. Since the original formulation of the postal approval rule, e-mail technology has radically distorted. As each new innovative method of communication has emerged, the courts have been bound to decide the applicability of the postal approval rule. The development of e-mail means that this matter has once again arisen for the price paid. Under the Contract Law there has not been any basic rule that limit the agreements which were being created by electronic means. As a result, the legislations which were applicable to the agreements which were dealt online were the same as those appropriate to non- virtual dealings. One of the key issues that arises for online agreements was the validity of Click through agreements, being agreements where the customer clicks on an on-screen icon to recognize the standard circumstances and situations. There were less case laws in relation to the click- through agreements. References: Attorney Generals Department, Australian Government, E-commerce, 2016 https://www.ag.gov.au/RightsAndProtections/ECommerce/Pages/default.aspx Australasian Legal Information Institute, ELECTRONIC TRANSACTIONS ACT 1999, 2016 https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/eta1999256/ Australian Contract Law, Formation, 2013 https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/law/formation.html Clayton UTZ, Electronic Commerce, 2014 https://www.claytonutz.com/ArticleDocuments/501/8_ElectronicCommerce.pdf.aspx?Embed=Y Corny Lind, Enforceability of Online Contracts in Australia, 2016 https://www.corneyandlind.com.au/resource-centre/commercial/enforceability-of-online-contracts-in-australia/ Tandem, The Legal Issues of Electronic Contracts in Australia, 2011 https://www.sid.ir/en/VEWSSID/J_pdf/1022220110206.pdf Find law Australia, Internet shopping: How a contractual agreement is formed, 2016 https://www.findlaw.com.au/articles/4500/internet-shopping-how-a-contractual-agreement-is-f.aspx Katherine Hawes, Electronic Contracts, 2016 https://www.dynamicbusiness.com.au/small-business-resources/legal/electronic-contracts.html Kathryn O'Shea and Kylie Seaman, Acceptance of Offers by E-Mail - How Far Should the Postal Acceptance Rule Extend? 1997https://lr.law.qut.edu.au/article/viewFile/446/433 Legal Aid Queensland, Contracts and unfair contract terms, 2016 https://www.legalaid.qld.gov.au/Find-legal-information/Work-and-money/Consumer-rights/Contracts-and-unfair-contract-terms Legal Aid Western Australia, E contracts and online buying, 2016 https://www.legalaid.wa.gov.au/INFORMATIONABOUTTHELAW/WORKMONEY/BUYINGGOODSSERVICES/Pages/EContractsOnlineBuying.aspx Out-Law.com, Online Contract Formation, 2016 https://www.out-law.com/page-394 Saul Squires, Some Contract Issues Arising from online Business consumer agreements, 2016 https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/DeakinLawRw/2000/5.pdf Sharon Christensen, Formation of Contracts by Email Is it Just the Same as the Post? Queensland University of Technology Law Justice Journal, 2001 file:///C:/Users/Guest/Downloads/58-116-1-SM%20(2).pdf Simone W B Hill, Email contracts When is the contract formed? 2016 https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/JlLawInfoSci/2001/4.html The Law Society of New South Wales, Civil Litigation Committee and Business Law Committee, 2012 https://www.lawsociety.com.au/cs/groups/public/documents/internetyounglawyers/644777.pdf

The Nullification Crisis free essay sample

Therefore, the riffs only stopped their foreign trade and did nothing to benefit them. South Carolina became so enraged that when Congress declared the tariff on 1828, many of the southern people said they were going to back out of the union or secede. After this, Vice President Calhoun, who was born in South Carolina, wanted to legally resist the tariffs. He created the idea of nullification in 1828.John Calhoun wrote the South Carolina Exposition and Protest, which cellared the tariff null and void in South Carolina. Nullification was the theory that a state had the ability to declare invalid a federal-level law. So when the national government instituted a tariff, Calhoun told the South Carolina that they could simply refuse to pay it. The majority of the northern states werent affected by the tariffs because their industries were not targeted.As the strength of the tariffs accumulated, the Southern people felt a rising sense of a common identity in their decision o declare the tariffs null and void and their desire to remove themselves from the Join intensified. We will write a custom essay sample on The Nullification Crisis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page President Jackson believed the Souths interest in nullification was the same as an act of treason and asserted the unions dominance over the South by sending a battleship to Charleston. These tensions between the South and those northern states that believed the union must be preserved, were a contributing factor to the cause of the Civil War.